@article {TAPAS2020324, title = {Experimenting with smart contracts for access control and delegation in IoT}, journal = {Future Generation Computer Systems}, volume = {111}, year = {2020}, pages = {324 - 338}, abstract = {In a Smart City scenario, the authors envisioned an IoT-Cloud framework for the management of boards and resources scattered over a geographic area. It can also become a tool to let device owners contribute freely to the infrastructure. In this paper, we present an authorization and delegation model for the IoT-Cloud based on blockchain technology. We focus on smart city{\^a}{\texteuro}TMs design and simulation of smart contracts to address the specific characteristics of smart environments and analyze access control and delegation mechanism in IoT. In particular, the scheme is implemented for the Ethereum platform in the form of smart contracts. We present the theoretical analysis of the proposed solution. We perform experiments on local testnet Ganache and public testnet Rinkeby to evaluate the performance of the presented models. Finally, we discuss the results and limitations of the system and possible solutions to issues.}, keywords = {Access control, authorization, Blockchain, Cloud, Delegation, Ethereum, IoT, smart cities, Smart contracts}, issn = {0167-739X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2020.04.020}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X18326979}, author = {Nachiket Tapas and Francesco Longo and Giovanni Merlino and Antonio Puliafito} } @article {549, title = {An IoT service ecosystem for Smart Cities: The $\#$SmartME project}, journal = {Internet of Things - Elsevier}, volume = {5}, year = {2019}, pages = {12-33}, abstract = {

$\#$SmartME has been one of the first initiatives in Italy to realize a Smart City through the use of open technologies. Thanks to the use of low cost sensor-powered devices scattered over the city area, different {\textquotedblleft}smart{\textquotedblright} services have been deployed having the Stack4Things framework as the common underlying middleware.\ In this paper, we present the results obtained after 2 years of project highlighting the vertical solutions that have been proposed in different areas ranging from environmental monitoring to parking management.

}, keywords = {Arduino, Blockchain, cloud computing, IoT, OpenStack, Smart city}, issn = {2542-6605}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2018.11.004}, author = {Dario Bruneo and Salvatore Distefano and Maurizio Giacobbe and Antonino Longo Minnolo and Francesco Longo and Giovanni Merlino and Davide Mulfari and Alfonso Panarello and Giuseppe Patan{\`e} and Antonio Puliafito and Carlo Puliafito and Nachiket Tapas} } @conference {8784023, title = {Towards trustless prediction-as-a-service}, booktitle = {2019 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP)}, year = {2019}, month = {June}, pages = {317-322}, keywords = {application program interfaces, Blockchain, cloud computing, cloud provider infrastructure, Computational modeling, Cryptography, Deep Learning, deep learning models, deep neural network models, inference model, inference service, infrastructure acquisition, Machine learning, malicious behaviors, neural nets, neural networks, operation costs, peculiar threat models, prediction API provider, prediction API providers, prediction APIs, prediction-as-a-service, Predictive models, Protocols, security of data, self-hosting costs, software-as-a-service business model, Tendermint}, issn = {null}, doi = {10.1109/SMARTCOMP.2019.00068}, author = {G. Santhosh and F. De Vita and D. Bruneo and F. Longo and A. Puliafito} } @article {Panarello2018, title = {Blockchain and iot integration: A systematic survey}, journal = {Sensors - MDPI}, volume = {18}, number = {8}, year = {2018}, note = {cited By 10}, publisher = {MDPI AG}, abstract = {

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnection of smart devices to collect data and make intelligent decisions. However, a lack of intrinsic security measures makes IoT vulnerable to privacy and security threats. With its {\textquotedblleft}security by design,{\textquotedblright} Blockchain (BC) can help in addressing major security requirements in IoT. BC capabilities like immutability, transparency, auditability, data encryption and operational resilience can help solve most architectural shortcomings of IoT. This article presents a comprehensive survey on BC and IoT integration. The objective of this paper is to analyze the current research trends on the usage of BC-related approaches and technologies in an IoT context. This paper presents the following novelties, with respect to related work: (i) it covers different application domains, organizing the available literature according to this categorization, (ii) it introduces two usage patterns, i.e., device manipulation and data management (open marketplace solution), and (iii) it reports on the development level of some of the presented solutions. We also analyze the main challenges faced by the research community in the smooth integration of BC and IoT, and point out the main open issues and future research directions. Last but not least, we also present a survey about novel uses of BC in the machine economy. {\textcopyright} 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

}, keywords = {Blockchain, Cryptography, Future research directions, Information management, Integration, Intelligent decisions, Internet of thing (IOT), Internet of Things, Privacy and security, Research communities, Security by designs, Security measure, Security requirements, Surveying, Surveys}, issn = {14248220}, doi = {10.3390/s18082575}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051401073\&doi=10.3390\%2fs18082575\&partnerID=40\&md5=07247598c49b9507bea67e04bb3e325f}, author = {Alfonso Panarello and Nachiket Tapas and Giovanni Merlino and Francesco Longo and Antonio Puliafito} } @article { 11570_3139119, title = {Blockchain and iot integration: A systematic survey}, journal = {SENSORS}, volume = {18}, year = {2018}, pages = {1{\textendash}37}, keywords = {Analytical Chemistry, and Optics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Biochemistry, Blockchain, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation, Internet of Things, IoT, Machine economy, Survey}, doi = {10.3390/s18082575}, url = {http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/8/2575/pdf}, author = {Panarello, Alfonso and Tapas, Nachiket and Merlino, Giovanni and Longo, Francesco and Puliafito, Antonio} } @proceedings {Tapas2018411, title = {Blockchain-Based IoT-cloud authorization and delegation}, journal = {Proceedings - 2018 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing, SMARTCOMP 2018}, year = {2018}, note = {cited By 0; Conference of 4th IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing, SMARTCOMP 2018 ; Conference Date: 18 June 2018 Through 20 June 2018; Conference Code:138285}, pages = {411-416}, publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.}, address = {Taormina, Italy - 18-20 June 2018}, abstract = {

In a Smart City scenario, the authors envisioned an IoT-Cloud framework for the management of boards and resources scattered over a geographic area. It can also become a tool to let device owners contribute freely to the infrastructure. In comparison to datacenter-oriented Cloud middleware, the administrator and the owner of the infrastructure are not one and the same. This translates into the requirement to support delegation-enabled authorization. In this paper, the authors investigate an authorization and delegation model for the IoT-Cloud based on blockchain technology. In particular, the scheme is implemented in the form of smart contracts over the Ethereum platform. Indeed, this approach represents an enhancement, over a function previously designed in a centralized fashion, by enabling the user to audit authorization operations and inspect how access control is actually performed, without blindly trusting the Cloud as a proxy for access to resources. {\textcopyright} 2018 IEEE.

}, keywords = {Access control, Access to resources, authorization, Blockchain, Cloud middlewares, Clouds, Delegation, Delegation modeling, Ethereum, Geographic areas, Internet of Things, middleware, Smart city, Smart contracts}, isbn = {9781538647059}, doi = {10.1109/SMARTCOMP.2018.00038}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051495365\&doi=10.1109\%2fSMARTCOMP.2018.00038\&partnerID=40\&md5=57e82ce12e19c3286c34b0612a587237}, author = {Nachiket Tapas and Giovanni Merlino and Francesco Longo} } @proceedings {535, title = {Building a Smart City Service Platform in Messina with the $\#$SmartME Project}, journal = {The 32nd IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (IEEE AINA-2018)}, year = {2018}, month = {05/2018}, address = {Pedagogical University of Cracow, Poland}, abstract = {

Some words mark an era, and "Smart City" is definitely one of these. A Smart City is an urban area where the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are employed to improve citizens{\textquoteright} Quality of Life (QoL) in areas such as: mobility, urban surveillance, and energy management. Throughout this paper, we present the $\#$SmartME project, which aims to create an infrastructure and an ecosystem of "smart" services by exploiting existing devices, sensors, and actuators distributed in the city of Messina. We also present the Stack4Things framework, which is the management core of the $\#$SmartME project.

}, keywords = {$\#$SmartME, Arduino, Blockchain, cloud computing, IoT, OpenData, OpenStack, Smart city, Stack4Things}, author = {Dario Bruneo and Sebastiano Chillari and Salvatore Distefano and Maurizio Giacobbe and Antonino Longo Minnolo and Francesco Longo and Giovanni Merlino and Davide Mulfari and Alfonso Panarello and Giuseppe Patan{\`e} and Antonio Puliafito and Carlo Puliafito and Marco Scarpa and Nachiket Tapas and Giancarlo Visalli} }